Genetic characteristics and survival analysis of 27 cases of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the genetic and genomic profiling of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and factors affecting its survival rate. Methods: Clinical characteristics, cytogenetics, molecular biology results and survival status of children with 27 JMML cases admitted to the Hematology Department of Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from December 2012 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and the outcomes of the children were followed up. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Univariate analysis was used for analyzing factors affecting the overall survival (OS) rates of patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Log-Rank test was used for comparison of survival curves. Results: Among 27 JMML cases, there were 11 males and 16 females. The age of disease onset was 28 (11,52) months. There are 20 cases of normal karyotype, 4 cases of monosomy 7, 1 case of trisomy 8,1 case of 11q23 rearrangement and 1 case of complex karyotype. A total of 39 somatic mutations were detected.Those involved in RAS signal pathway were the highest (64%(25/39)), among which PTPN11 mutation was the most frequent (44% (11/25)). A total of 17 cases (63%) received HSCT, 8 cases (30%) did not receive HSCT, and 2 cases (7%) lost follow-up. For children receiving transplantation, the follow-up time after transplantation was 47 (11,57) months. The 1-year OS rate of high-risk transplantation group (17 cases) and high-risk non transplantation group (6 cases) was (88±8)% and (50±20)% respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=5.01, P=0.025). The 5-year OS rate of the high-risk transplantation group was (75±11)%. The survival time of those who relapsed or progressed to acute myeloid leukemia after transplantation was significantly shorter than that of those who did not relapse (χ2=6.80, P=0.009). The OS rate of patients with or without PTPN11 mutation was (81±12) % and (67±19)% respectively (χ2=0.85, P=0.356). Conclusions: The main pathogenesis involved in JMML is gene mutation related to RAS signaling pathway, and the most common driver gene of mutation is PTPN11. Allogeneic HSCT can significantly improve the survival rate of high-risk JMML patients. The recurrence or progression after transplantation was related to poor prognosis.

Effect of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang on Gastric Motility and CRF and UCN2 Expression in Rats with Functional Dyspepsia Due to Spleen Deficiency / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang （XSLJZ） on gastric emptying rate and expression levels of corticotropin-releasing factor （CRF） and urocortin 2 （UCN2） in rats with functional dyspepsia （FD） due to spleen deficiency. MethodForty-eight 10-day-old male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group （n=8） and iodoacetamide （IA） group （n=40）， and they separately received 2% sucrose solution and 0.1% sucrose solution containing IA for six successive days. Following the removal of mother rats， the three-week-old IA-treated rats were randomized into five groups， namely the model group， mosapride group， and low-， middle-， and high-dose XSLJZ groups， with eight rats in each group. At the age of six weeks， rats in all groups expert for the normal group were modeled by the modified multiple platform method for 14 d. Afterwards， the ones in normal group and model group were treated with 10 mL·kg-1 distilled water， and those in the treatment groups with 1.6×10-3 g·kg-1 mosapride and 2.8， 5.6， and 11.2 g·kg-1 XSLJZ by gavage， respectively， for 14 d. The grasping ability and gastric emptying rate were determined. The histological changes in gastric antrum were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein and mRNA expression levels of CRF and UCN2 in gastric antrum were detected by Western blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultNo obvious change or organic lesion was observed in gastric antrum of rats in each group. Compared with the normal group， the model group exhibited lowered gastric emptying rate and grasping ability （P<0.01）， up-regulated CRF protein and mRNA expression in gastric antrum （P<0.01）， and down-regulated UCN2 protein and mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， XSLJZ at the middle and high doses enhanced the grasping ability and gastric emptying rate （P<0.05， P<0.01） and down-regulated CRF mRNA expression to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. XSLJZ at the high dose decreased CRF protein expression （P<0.05） and up-regulated UCN2 protein and mRNA expression （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe mechanism of XSLJZ in invigorating spleen and promoting gastric motility of FD rats may be related to its reduction of CRF and elevation of UCN2 in gastric antrum.

Analysis on Medication Rules of National Medical Masters in Treatment of Stomachache / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To analyze medication rules of national medical masters in the treatment of stomachache by data mining. Method: Prescriptions were collected from 9 works as well as the first batch of national medical masters' medical cases and prescriptions for stomachache recorded in CNKI. Then, Microsoft Excel 2016 was adopted for analyzing the frequencies, properties, flavors and meridian tropisms of herbs, the Apriori algorithm provided by SPSS Clementine 12.0 software was used to analyze association rules of the herbs, and factor analysis was conducted by SPSS 19.0 software. Result: A total of 175 prescriptions containing 230 herbs were selected. The top five herbs used in frequency ranking were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria. The medical properties with high usage frequency were warm, mild and slight cold. The flavors were sweet, bitter and pungent. Meridian tropisms were spleen, stomach and lung. Herbs for regulating Qi, tonifying Qi and promoting digestion ranked top three according to the classification of efficacy. The association rules analysis showed that the highest confidence and support of the related drugs was Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma→Codonopsis Radix-Poria, which reflected treatment characteristics of national medical masters with Sijunzitang as the basic prescription for tonifying Qi. A total of 12 strongly association rules of 2-drug pairs were obtained by association rules, and the most commonly used of which was Paeoniae Radix Alba-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Nine common factors were respectively extracted by factor analysis. Conclusion: Herbs used in the prescriptions of national medical masters for treatment of stomachache are often with the actions of regulating Qi, invigorating deficiency and benefiting Qi, in addition, Shaoyao Gancaotang is often used to generate Yin and relieve pain.

Improved stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills following transforming lignans of herpetospermum caudigerum into nanosuspensions / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to improve storage stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills (GNDP) by transforming lignans of Herpetospermum caudigerum (HL) composed of herpetrione (HPE) and herpetin (HPN) into nanosuspension (HL-NS), the main active ingredient of GNDP, HL-NS was prepared by high pressure homogenization and lyophilized to transform into solid nanoparticles (HL nanoparticles), and then the formulated HL nanoparticles were perfused into matrix to obtain NS-GNDP by melting method. For a period of 3 months, the content uniformity, storage stability and pharmacokinetics test in vivo of NS-GNDP were evaluated and compared with regular GNDP at room temperature. The results demonstrated that uniformity of dosage units of NS-GNDP was acceptable according to the criteria of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015J. Physical stability of NS-GNDP was investigated systemically using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), zeta potential measurement, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There was a slight increase in particles and PI of HL-NS re-dispersed from NS-GNDP after storage for 3 months, compared with new formulated NS-GNDP, which indicated a good redispersibility of the NS-GNDP containing HL-NS after storage. Besides, chemical stability of NS-GNDP was studied and the results revealed that HPE and HPN degradation was less when compared with that of GNDP, providing more than 99% of drug residue after storage for 3 months. In the dissolution test in vitro, NS-GNDP remarkably exhibited an increased dissolution velocity compared with GNDP and no distinct dissolution difference existed within 3 months. The pharmacokinetic study showed that HPE and HPN in NS-GNDP exhibited a significant increase in AUC, C and decrease in T when compared with regular GNDP. These results indicated that NS-GNDP possessed superiority with improved storage stability and increased dissolution rate and oral bioavailability.

Improved stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills following transforming lignans of herpetospermum caudigerum into nanosuspensions / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to improve storage stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills (GNDP) by transforming lignans of Herpetospermum caudigerum (HL) composed of herpetrione (HPE) and herpetin (HPN) into nanosuspension (HL-NS), the main active ingredient of GNDP, HL-NS was prepared by high pressure homogenization and lyophilized to transform into solid nanoparticles (HL nanoparticles), and then the formulated HL nanoparticles were perfused into matrix to obtain NS-GNDP by melting method. For a period of 3 months, the content uniformity, storage stability and pharmacokinetics test in vivo of NS-GNDP were evaluated and compared with regular GNDP at room temperature. The results demonstrated that uniformity of dosage units of NS-GNDP was acceptable according to the criteria of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015J. Physical stability of NS-GNDP was investigated systemically using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), zeta potential measurement, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There was a slight increase in particles and PI of HL-NS re-dispersed from NS-GNDP after storage for 3 months, compared with new formulated NS-GNDP, which indicated a good redispersibility of the NS-GNDP containing HL-NS after storage. Besides, chemical stability of NS-GNDP was studied and the results revealed that HPE and HPN degradation was less when compared with that of GNDP, providing more than 99% of drug residue after storage for 3 months. In the dissolution test in vitro, NS-GNDP remarkably exhibited an increased dissolution velocity compared with GNDP and no distinct dissolution difference existed within 3 months. The pharmacokinetic study showed that HPE and HPN in NS-GNDP exhibited a significant increase in AUC, C and decrease in T when compared with regular GNDP. These results indicated that NS-GNDP possessed superiority with improved storage stability and increased dissolution rate and oral bioavailability.

Research progress of exosome in ocular fundus diseases / 眼科新进展

Exosome is a small vesicle that can be secreted by many cells,which contains a variety of specific structural components of the maternal cells.It possesses the capacity of the information transmission between cells,so it involves in many physiological and pathological processes,which makes it a focus and hotspot of disease researches.In this paper,a review will be conducted on exosome in the fundus diseases in recent years,including risk factors,pathological mechanisms,diagnosis and treatment for diseases.

Gastrodin effects on the neural functional recovery and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in a rat model of spinal cord injury / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Gastrodin has been shown to inhibit the in vivo astrocyte activation after injury,improve the microenvironment of spinal cord injury (SCI), and reduce secondary injuries. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of gastrodine on the neural functional recovery and glial fibrillary acidic protein in a rat model of clamping-induced SCI. METHODS: Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, and the models of clamping-induced SCI were established. The rats in sham group were only subjected to laminectomy; gastrodine group was given 100 mg/kg?d gastrodine; the sham and SCI groups were given equal volume of normal saline. The function recovery of spinal cord was evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scores, and Rivlin inclined plane experiment at postoperative 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The morphological changes of spinal cord were observed after perfusion at 28 days, expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected by immunofluorescence, and changes of Nissl body were observed through Nissl staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BBB and Rivlin inclined plane scores in each group were significantly decreased postoperatively, and the scores then increased with time; the scores at each time point in the sham group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P <0.05); the scores in the gastrodine group were significantly higher than those in the SCI group from day 3 (P < 0.05). At postoperative 28 days, the expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein was the lowest in the sham group, followed by gastrodine group, and the highest in the SCI group (P < 0.05). In the gastrodine and SCI groups, Nissl bodies were slightly stained partially dissolved, and the account of Nissl bodies in this two groups was less than that in the sham group (P < 0.05), but the gastrodine group had significantly more Nissl bodies than the SCI group (P < 0.05). The spinal cord in the sham group revealed the complete structure; in the SCI group, the structure of spinal cord was in disorder, syringomyelia formatted, and the gray-white matter boundary was obscure; gastrodine group showed smaller syringomyelia and gray-white matter boundary were clear. These results show that gastrodin can inhibit the proliferation of astrocytes after SCI, play neuroprotection, and improve motor function.

Long-term outcomes of intravitreal injection of anti VEGF medication in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks / 眼科新进展

Objective To evaluate the long-term follow-up efficacy of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF medication for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused by angioid streak.Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in 21 patients (30 eyes) diagnosed as subfoveal CNV caused by angioid streak.Demographic data,clinical course,visual acuity,and findings of fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were evaluated and observed at least 3 years after antiVEGF treatment.Results Of all patients,the number of anti-VEGF injections was 6 to 18,with the average of 10 ±2.4,and the follow-up duration was 36 to 54 months,an average of (39.5 ± 2.2) months.Moreover,the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the baseline was (31.0 ±3.81) characters,and the mean BCVA was (34.0 s0.35) characters at the final follow-up,and the total difference was not statistically significant (P =0.600).The baseline central retinal thickness (CRT) was (406.21 ± 21.23) im and (251.16 +36.36) μn at the end of the follow-up,and the difference of CRT before and after the treatment was statistically significant (P =0.002).Visual acuity of 16 eyes in 30 eyes was significantly improved after the initial treatment,but decreased to the baseline level in the follow-up because of CNV recurrence,10 eyes occurred varying degrees of macular atrophy and scarring changes,and there was no significant difference between visual acuity of the follow-up and the baseline (all P ＞0.05),and 4 eyes had stable CNV during the follow-up because the initial CNV did not involve the macular area.Conclusion The long-term outcomes of anti-VEGF treatment for choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks is not satisfactory due to its high recurrence and activity.

Long-term outcomes of intravitreal injection of anti VEGF medication in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks / 眼科新进展

Objective To evaluate the long-term follow-up efficacy of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF medication for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused by angioid streak.Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in 21 patients (30 eyes) diagnosed as subfoveal CNV caused by angioid streak.Demographic data,clinical course,visual acuity,and findings of fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were evaluated and observed at least 3 years after antiVEGF treatment.Results Of all patients,the number of anti-VEGF injections was 6 to 18,with the average of 10 ±2.4,and the follow-up duration was 36 to 54 months,an average of (39.5 ± 2.2) months.Moreover,the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the baseline was (31.0 ±3.81) characters,and the mean BCVA was (34.0 s0.35) characters at the final follow-up,and the total difference was not statistically significant (P =0.600).The baseline central retinal thickness (CRT) was (406.21 ± 21.23) im and (251.16 +36.36) μn at the end of the follow-up,and the difference of CRT before and after the treatment was statistically significant (P =0.002).Visual acuity of 16 eyes in 30 eyes was significantly improved after the initial treatment,but decreased to the baseline level in the follow-up because of CNV recurrence,10 eyes occurred varying degrees of macular atrophy and scarring changes,and there was no significant difference between visual acuity of the follow-up and the baseline (all P ＞0.05),and 4 eyes had stable CNV during the follow-up because the initial CNV did not involve the macular area.Conclusion The long-term outcomes of anti-VEGF treatment for choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks is not satisfactory due to its high recurrence and activity.

Clinical and sonographic assessment of cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in clinical and sonographic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) between cervical lymph node metastatic (CLNM) and nonmetastatic groups. Clinical data of PTC patients (414 patients with 624 malignant nodules) who underwent a preoperative ultrasonography and surgery between June 2010 and March 2015 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical factors, preoperative ultrasound features and the final pathological findings were obtained. The differences in the sonographic features of PTC between the CLNM group and the non-CLNM group were analyzed. There were 187 CLNM and 227 non-CLNM patients. The median age at the diagnosis of this cohort was 45.4 years old (ranging from 18 to 77 years). Ultrasonographic parameters that were significantly associated with CLNM [OR=2.569 (1.502, 4.393), P<0.001)] were as follows: the mulifocality of the nodules, size over 2 cm, the presence of microcalcifications, the distance ratio (DR) pattern showing the contact of the nodules with the thyroid capsule, and the extracapsular spread of the nodules. No significant differences in age, gender, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and other ultrasonography parameters were found between the CLNM and the non-CLNM groups. Therefore, our results suggest that a larger size, microcalcifications, mulifocality, and the DR pattern showing the contact of the nodules with the thyroid capsule and extracapsular spread are significantly more indicative of CLNM in PTC.

Formulation of dried lignans nanosuspension with high redispersibility to enhance stability, dissolution, and oral bioavailability / 中国天然药物

Herpetospermum caudigerum lignans (HTL), one of the potential drugs with anti-hepatitis B virus and hepatoprotective effects, has limited clinical applications because of poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. Both herpetrione (HPE) and herpetin (HPN) are the most abundant ingredients in HTL and exhibit weak acidity. The purpose of the present study was to produce dried preparations of HTL (composed of HPE and HPN) nanosuspensions (HTL-NS) with high redispersibility using lyophilization technology. The HTL-NS was prepared by utilizing precipitation-combined homogenization technology based on acid-base neutralization reactions, and critical formulation and process parameters affecting the characteristics of HTL-NS were optimized. The resultant products were characterized by particle size analysis, SEM, XRD, stability, solubility, dissolution and in vivo bioavailability. HTL-NS showed near-spherical-shaped morphology and the size was 243 nm with a narrow PDI value of 0.187. The dried preparations with a relatively large particle size of 286 nm and a PDI of 0.215 were achieved by using 4% (W/V) mannitol as cryoprotectants, and had a better stability at 4 or 25 °C for 2 months, compared to HTL-NS. In the in vitro test, the dried preparations showed markedly increased solubility and dissolution velocity. Besides, in the in vivo evaluation, it exhibited significant increases in AUC, CMRT and a decrease in T, compared to the raw drug. In conclusion, our results provide a basis for the development of a drug delivery system for poorly water-soluble ingredients with pH-dependent solubility.

Influence of stir-baked with sand on active ingredients, diarrhea and hepatoprotection of Herpetospermum caudigerum / 中国中药杂志

To study the influence of stir-baked with sand on active ingredients, diarrhea and hepatoprotection of Herpetospermum caudigerum, the contents of herperione and herpetin in H. caudigerum before and after stir-baking with sand were analyzed by HPLC. The effect of stir-baked with sand on diarrhea of H. caudigerum TL was evaluated using the mean stool rate (MSR) and mean diarrheal index ( MDI) and the influence of stir-baked with sand on hepatoprotective effect of H. caudigerum TL was examined using a mouse model of CCl4-induced liver injury based on the analysis of serum ALT and AST activities. The results of HPLC analysis showed the content of herperione in H. caudigerum after stir-baking with sand decreased by 40.9% (P < 0.01) and the content of herpetin had no change. Pharmacodynamic results showed that the MSR and MDI of high-dose and middle-dose group of H. caudigerum TL after stir-baking with sand were significantly lower than that of high-dose and middle-dose group of H. caudigerum TL without stir-baking with sand; The high-dose and middle-dose of H. caudigerum TL with/without stir-baking with sand significantly alleviated liver injury as indicated by the decreased levels of serum ALT and AST, but the ALT and AST levels of high-dose and middle-dose group of H. caudigerum TL after stir-baking with sand were higher than that of H. caudigerum TL without stir-baking with sand. The results revealed that the stir-baking with sand could effectively relieve diarrhea effect of H. caudigerum TL, while it also reduces the hepatoprotection of H. caudigerum TL.

Rat intestine absorption kinetics study on cucurbitacin B-sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid mixed nanomicelles with in vitro everted gut sacs model / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the absorption kinetics of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs in rat different intestinal segments and compared with the absorption of Cu B suspension. The in vitro everted gut sacs model was established to study the absorption characteristics of Cu B-SDC/ PLC-MMs in rat duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, and the content of cucurbitacin B was detected by HPLC method, and the effects of concentrations on intestinal absorption were evaluated as well. The results showed that the absorption of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs was linearity at different intestine segment and different concentrations (R2 > 0.9), which was consistent with zero order rate process. The Ka of different intestine segments showed a concentration-dependent increasing along with the raised concentration of Cu B-SDC/ PLC-MMs, indicating that it was likely to be a mechanism of passive absorption. The best absorption site of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs was ileum, and its absorptions in different intestinal segments were superior to cucurbitacin B suspension. SDC/PLC-MMs could significantly enhance the intestinal absorption of cucurbitacin B, and the study of intestinal absorption kinetics of Cu B-SDC/PLC-MMs had gave a support to its further reasonable solidfication.

In vitro dissolution rate of Liuwei Wuling tablet based on biological potency and integrated dissolution / 中国中药杂志

To explore the feasibility of chemical and biological method in evaluation of the in vitro dissolution rate of Liuwei Wuling tablet (LWT), this experiment investigated the inhibitory effect of LWT dissolving solutions on LX-2 hepatic stellate cells in 0.1% SDS dissolution medium in different dissolving periods. From these results, the cumulative dissolution rate of LWT was obtained based on the cell inhibitory rate. The dissolution rates of deoxyschizandrin, phillyrin, and Specnuezhenide were determined by HPLC method. A novel approach of self-defined weighting coefficient had been created to establish the integrated dissolution rate model. Then f2 similar factor method was used to evaluate the relevance of these two methods. The results showed that f2 values for deoxyschizandrin, phillyrin, Specnuezhenide, and the integrated dissolution were 61, 43, 61 and 75 respectively, indicating that the dissolution of multi-component integration could fully reflect the biological potency of the whole recipe. The dissolution evaluation method for multicomponent integration based on biological activity is expected to be one of the effective means for in vitro dissolution test of LWT.

Biological characteristics of exosomes secreted by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore the immunoregulatory function and capability supporting the angiogenesis of exosomes secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) from healthy persons. Supernatant of BMMSC (P4-P6) was collected for exosome purification. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blot were used to identify the quality of isolated exosomes. The amount of exosomes was quantified through bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated from healthy donor and added with isolating exosomes. After co-cultured for 72 h, IFN-γ from the co-culture system was detected by ELISA. The expression of miRNA-associated with immunity were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Real-time RT-PCR). The interactions between exosomes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were observed with confocal microscopy. Subconfluent HUVEC were harvested and treated with the indicated concentration of exosomes. Nude mice were injected subcutaneously with exosomes or PBS as control to verify the ability of angiogenesis. The results showed that diameter range of exosomes was range from 40 to 160 nm. The isolated exosomes expressed the CD9. There was approximately linear relation between the secretion of exosomes and cell density. The exosomes suppressed the production of IFN-γ from PBMNC, and contained miRNA associated with immune regulation such as miR301, miR22 and miR-let-7a. Exosomes induced vascular tube formation in vitro and vascularization of Matrigel plugs in vivo. It is concluded that the BMMSC-derived exosomes can regulate immunity and support vascularization.

Effects of rapamycin on biological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from patients with aplastic anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of rapamycin on biological function and autophagy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) from patients with aplastic anemia so as to provide experimental basis for the clinical treatment of aplastic anemia (AA) with rapamycin. BM-MSC were treated with different concentrations of rapamycin (0, 10, 50, 100 nmol/L) for 48 h, the expression of LC3B protein was detected by Western blot to observe the effect of rapamycin on cell autophagy; cell apoptosis and cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry; the proliferation of BM-MSC of AA patients was measured by cell counting kit-8; the adipogenic differentiation of BM-MSC were tested by oil red O staining after adipogenic induction for 2 weeks; the adipogenic related genes (LPL, CFD, PPARγ) were detected by real-time PCR. The results showed that the proliferation and adipogenesis of BM-MSC of AA patients were inhibited by rapamycin. Moreover, the autophagy and apoptosis of BM-MSC were increased by rapamycin in a dose-dependent way.Rapamycin arrested the BM-MSC in G0/G1 phase and prevented them into S phase (P < 0.05). It is concluded that rapamycin plays an critical role in inhibiting cell proliferation, cell cycles, and adipogenesis, these effects may be related with the autophagy activation and mTOR inhibition resulting from rapamycin.

Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Intraocular Cysticercosis

This study aimed to explore the clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of intraocular cysticercosis due to Taenia solium metacestode infection. Total 8 patients diagnosed with intraocular cysticercosis at the Red Cross Hospital of Yunnan Province, China were examined retrospectively. Patients with clear dioptic media had undergone fundus chromophotography. All patients underwent B ultrasonography of the ocular region (CT) successive scanning of the orbit and cerebral tissues. Parasites were extracted surgically and then examined pathologically. The fundus chromophotography showed a white and condensing scolex package in the vesicle. The B ultrasonic examination showed a vesicle-like echogenic mass in the vitreous chamber, in which the high-level echo spot was the cysticercus scolex. The pathological examinations showed that the vesicle wall exhibited hyaline degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuroglial fiber, and glial cell proliferation layers from the inside to the outside. The scolex is round and is composed of the outer tissue (the body wall) and the inner furrow tissue; these tissues migrated together. Primordially differentiated sucking discs were found in one case, but no hooklets were found. The inner scolex tissue was folded like a paper flower. The severity of intraocular disease is closely correlated with the pathophysiological processes of the cysticercus worm. Pathological examination of the intraocular lesions can help to evaluate the course of the disease as well as to provide a scientific basis for effective antiparasitic medication.

Phenotype of congenital cataract accompanied with iris dysplasia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Certain relationship has been found between phenotype and genes mutation of congenital cataract.It is clear that different genetic mutations can cause the same complication in congenital cataract,meanwhile,different complications may be caused by the same gene mutation.However,their mechanism is still remained unclear.Objective This study was to observe the phenotype of congenital cataract accompanied with iris dysplasia.Methods Fifteen patients with congenital cataract accompanied with iris dysplasia were included in this study.The slit lamp,gonioscope and ophthalmoscope were used for the examination of the anterior ocular segment,the anterior chamber angle and fundus on all the patients.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Second People' s Hospital of Yunnan Province.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient or the custodian prior to any medical procedure.Results All the patients showed binocular involvement.Congenital nuclear cataract with whole coloboma of iris was seen in 7 cases,and 2 cases showed an entire cataract associated with incomplete coloboma of iris.Entire cataract with aniridia was diagnosed in 5 patients,and suture cataract complicated with aniridia was in 1 patient.Conclusions Some regular patterns can be implied between the morphological type of cataract and iris dysplasia,which may be helpful for further study of these diseases.

The clinical phenotype analysis of 116 congenital cataract patients in Yunnan province / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Congenital cataract is the major cause of blindness in children with plentiful clinical manifestations and closely linked with genetics. Objective Present study was to investigate the classification of congenital cataract in Yunnan province.Methods The manifestation characteristics of 184 eyes of 116 patients with congenital cataract in Yunnan province were analyzed.The relationship of performance of various types of congenital cataract between phenotype and hereditary feature were explored. Results All of the 116 congenital cataract eyes from 116 patients were divided into ten types based on the clinical appearance,including the complete cataract,nuclear cataract,posterior polar cataract,anterior polar cataract,coralliform cataract,coronary cataract,pulverulent cataracts,lamellar cataract and blue cataract.Bilateral nuclear cataract and unilateral entire cataract is most prevalent in these patients.Blue cataract and coralliform cataract belong to the less types.Forty-four in 116 cases were found to have the hereditary history and determined as autosomal dominant inheritance.Sporadic cases were determined in 72 cases.Conclusions The analysis of phenotype of the hereditary congenital cataract offers some clues to the classification of congenital cataract.

Inulicin inhibits activation and expression of vascular remodeling enzymes induced by de-endothelium / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To observe the effects of inulicin on the neointimal hyperplasia and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) after balloon injury in rat aorta.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The intimal hyperplasia model was replicated by balloon injury. The histological changes in vascular wall were observed by HE staining. MMP-2 activation was tested by gelatin zymogram analysis; MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury was significantly inhibited by inulicin. The proteolytic activity and the expression of MMP-2 and ratio of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were also returned to control level by inulicin after balloon injury.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inulicin inhibits hyperplasia of neointima by modulating the balance of MMP-2 and TIMP-2.</p>